FUNDED BY THE STUART SCOTT MEMORIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND
Ovarian cancer is adeadlydisease. A goal of ovarian cancer treatment is to find drugs that allow patients to live longer. The methods that predict whether these drugs workignore proteins. There is no information about how proteins affect survival. Also, it is not known how proteins contribute to harmful side effects. In this project, we will identifythe proteins that are involved in responding to a group of drugs named PARP inhibitors. These drugs are used to treat patients with the most deadly form of ovarian cancer. It is critical to identify the proteins associated with good PARP inhibitor response. This will help us to understand how PARP inhibitors have anti-cancer activity. As a result, it will be easier to identify the ovarian cancer patients who will respond to PARP inhibitor treatment. This research projectsupports the goal of the V Foundation, and it will help to accelerate victory over ovarian cancer.
FUNDED BY THE STUART SCOTT MEMORIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND
Tobacco use, specifically cigarette smoking, is a primary reason that adults develop and die from lungcancer. Adults with low income smoke cigarettes at higher rates than the general population, but they areless likely to go to the doctor and receive help with quitting. It is important to design programs that reachthis population outside of a hospital or clinic setting.
Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health workers who work with these communitiesto help improve their health and connect them to medical services. CHWs are often the first, andsometimes the only, healthcare provider for these adults. Training CHWs on conducting briefinterventions for tobacco cessation, or quitting smoking, is important. However, current trainings fortobacco cessation are not always accessible to CHWs because of cost and time-constraints, andbecause the trainings are not relevant to CHWs’ patients’ experiences. This study will address theseissues by adapting a tobacco cessation training specifically for CHWs. We will use information thatCHWs have provided about their practices caring for their patients to make the training relevant to theirpatients’ experiences. We will then give the training to CHWs and test whether the training increasedCHWs’ knowledge about tobacco cessation, and whether the training is appropriate for CHWs and theirpatients. Having more CHWs trained in tobacco cessation will increase the number of adults who receivehelp to quit smoking, which will help to reduce tobacco use and, ultimately cancer, among adults with lowincome.
FUNDED BY THE STUART SCOTT MEMORIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND WITH SUPPORT FROM BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB
For a patient with a blood cancer that has not responded to standard treatment, an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT; also referred to as bone marrow transplant) provides the potential for a cure. However, there is still the possibility that the patient’s disease may relapse. Another potential risk of allo-HCT may result when the immune cells from the bone marrow see the recipient as foreign, leading to a complication called graft versus host disease (GVHD). In this approach, I will investigate the use of an allo-HCT followed by donor immune cells targeted to kill the tumor, CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Additionally, to improve the safety of the donor T cells I will utilize genetic engineering with CRISPR/Cas9 to remove the T cell receptor. Hence, I will also evaluate the functional and mechanistic impact of this genome engineering on the immunometabolism of the T cells.
FUNDED BY THE STUART SCOTT MEMORIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND WITH SUPPORT FROM BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB
For the past 20 years, the number of people under the age of 50 who are diagnosed with colon and rectal cancer has been rising very quickly, especially among Latinos living in the US and in Mexico. In fact, it is predicted that in the next 10 years, 1 in 10 colon cancer cases, and 1 in 4 rectal cancer cases will be in people younger than the age of 50. Currently, very little is known about the reasons behind this. We think that the food we eat, and our behaviors may play a role in getting colon and rectal cancer. We also think that the type of bacteria in our gut may predispose certain people to getting cancer at a younger age.
In order to explore this, we plan to invite 90 people in California and Mexico City, who identify as Latino, and who were younger that 50 when they were diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer to participate in our study. We will ask them to collect one stool sample at home, and will study the bacteria in that sample as well their tumors. We will also collect detailed information about the foods they eat, and their background using surveys. Overall, we hope to gather very important information that could help us understand why colon and rectal cancer is on the rise among younger people. This information could also help us identify new ways of preventing colon and rectal cancer in the future.
FUNDED BY THE STUART SCOTT MEMORIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND
Understanding young women’s breast cancer is a public health priority. In the UnitedStates, the rate of metastatic breast cancer is rising faster in women aged 25-39compared to older women.Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer for 10 years after birth.Being diagnosed with breast cancer during this period is called postpartum breast cancer(PPBC). PPBC tumors are often more life threatening. Also, while breastfeeding reducesbreast cancer risk, we do not know how breastfeeding impacts PPBC.Identifying unique tissue features within the PPBC tumor could lead to better outcomes.We will use the New York Breast Cancer Family Registry to analyze tumor tissue from150 women. 50 samples from women diagnosed with breast cancer less than 5 yearsfrom childbirth (PPBC cases). 50 samples from women diagnosed more than 10 yearsfrom childbirth. 50 samples from women diagnosed who have never given birth. We willstain the tumor tissue with four biological markers. These markers have been associatedwith the spread of breast cancer and death from breast cancer. Staining, or addingcoloring, to the tumor tissue will help identify unique features across the breast cancercases.
Aim 1: Identify unique features within the tumor samples using the four markers in150 cases.
Aim 2: Examine if the unique features predict breast cancer clinical features in 150cases.
We know little about the PPBC tumor tissue. Identifying unique tissue features that mapto the PPBC tumor can improve survival outcomes for young adult patients.
FUNDED BY THE STUART SCOTT MEMORIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND WITH SUPPORT FROM BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB
Heart disease and low blood counts are common complications for men with prostate cancer. There are some reasons why this might happen that are already known – either because of the cancer itself or because of some of the treatments for cancer. Recently, scientists have found that white blood cell clones (cells that all come from one cell; called CHIP) have changes in their DNA that might put people at higher risk for heart disease, complications with blood counts, and death. CHIP, like prostate cancer, is associated with age, and may be contributing to heart disease and blood count problems we see in men with prostate cancer. This study will look to see if men who have CHIP with prostate cancer have worse outcomes and if new treatments for prostate cancer contribute to CHIP.
FUNDED BY THE STUART SCOTT MEMORIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND WITH SUPPORT FROM BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of lung cancer diagnoses and has a very low survivalrate. There is a sub-population of cells within NSCLC tumors called cancer stem cells (CSCs)that are highly aggressive. These CSCs are capable of fueling the growth and metastasis oftumors and have been shown to be resistant to current drug treatments for NSCLC. Therefore,CSCs must be eliminated to effectively treat and gain lasting remission in patients with NSCLC.CSCs can communicate with other cells in a tumor by transferring information packaged withinsmall particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs). We hypothesize that the molecules packagedwithin EVs from CSCs can make non-CSCs within NSCLC tumors more aggressive by increasing their ability to grow and metastasize. We propose to identify the molecules packaged within NSCLC CSC EVs. We also aim to block the function of the molecules within the CSC EVs to prevent the growth of NSCLC cancer cells. Completion of these studies will provide newinformation about how CSCs function to make NSCLC deadly. In addition, these studies will help in the design of new strategies to eliminate NSCLC CSCs which may provide effective, long-term treatment for NSCLC patients.
FUNDED BY THE STUART SCOTT MEMORIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND WITH SUPPORT FROM BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB
Immune cell-based therapies represent the latest pillar of cancer therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity against B cell leukemia and lymphoma and similar efficacies against multiple myeloma. CAR-NK cells are a newer addition to the cellular immunotherapy field but have already shown impressive results in the treatment of lymphoma. In this project, we will evaluate the activity of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies targeting BCMA and TnMUC1 as single agents and combination strategies for the treatment of multiple myeloma. In addition, we will develop methods to enhance the efficacy and persistence of NK-cell based therapies through strategies to overcome immunosuppression. Successful completion of this project would generate novel and enhanced therapeutic strategies to treat multiple myeloma with immune cell-based therapies.
